Number Bonds & Ways to Make 10 | 1st Grade Math

Number Bonds and Ways to Make 10 - Grade 1 Math
Grade 1 Math  ›  Addition & Subtraction  ›  Lesson 8
Grade 1 Math - Addition and Subtraction

Number Bonds and Ways to Make 10

Learn how a whole can be broken into parts, use number bonds to show those parts, and find the number pairs that make 10.

This first grade addition lesson uses number bonds, ten-frames, part-whole models, and combinations to 10 to build number sense and strengthen quick recall of ways to make 10.

Number bonds Ways to make 10 Parts and whole Ten-frames Grade 1 addition

๐ŸŽฏ What You Will Learn

Read number bonds
Identify the whole and the two parts in a visual number bond.
Find missing parts
Use what you know about the whole to determine an unknown part.
Make 10
Recognize pairs such as 1 and 9, 2 and 8, 3 and 7, 4 and 6, and 5 and 5.
Use ten-frames
See how many more are needed to fill a group of 10.
For parents & teachers — standards alignment: Prerequisite connection: CCSS K.OA.A.4 asks students to find the number that makes 10 when added to a given number from 1–9. Grade 1 connection: CCSS 1.OA.C.6 includes making 10 as a strategy for addition within 20. This lesson strengthens the part-whole and make-10 knowledge students will use in the next Grade 1 addition-strategy lesson.

๐Ÿง  Key Vocabulary

number bond — a picture that shows how a whole is made from parts.
whole — the total amount represented in a number bond.
part — one amount that combines with another part to make the whole.
make 10 — find two parts whose total is 10.
missing part — a part that is unknown and must be found.
ten-frame — a frame with 10 spaces that helps us see combinations that make 10.

๐Ÿงฉ Parts and a Whole

A number bond shows a whole number and the parts that make that whole. If the whole is 7 and the parts are 3 and 4, then the bond tells us that 3 and 4 make 7.

1️⃣ Find the whole.
2️⃣ Look at the known part.
3️⃣ Find the part that is missing.
Important: A number bond is a visual model, not a new operation. It helps us organize the relationship between a whole and its parts.

๐Ÿ”Ÿ Ways to Make 10

Ten can be made from many pairs of parts. If we list each pair only once, without repeating the same two parts in reverse order, the pairs are:

Notice the pattern: As one part grows by 1, the other part becomes 1 smaller. The whole stays 10.

๐ŸŸฆ Use a Ten-Frame

A ten-frame makes missing parts easy to see. If 6 spaces are filled, count the empty spaces: 4 spaces are still needed, so 6 + 4 = 10.

Common mistake: Do not count only the filled spaces when the question asks how many more are needed. Count the empty spaces to find the missing part.

๐ŸŒŸ 25 Worked Examples

✏️ Try each problem yourself first. Then tap “Show solution” to check your thinking.
1Meet a number bond
A number bond has whole 7 and parts 3 and 4. What does the bond show?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

The two parts, 3 and 4, join to make the whole, 7. Answer: 3 + 4 = 7.

2Find the whole
The parts are 2 and 5. What is the whole?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Join the two parts: 2 + 5 = 7. Answer: the whole is 7.

3Find a missing part
The whole is 8. One part is 5. What is the other part?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Think: 5 and what number make 8? 5 + 3 = 8. Answer: 3.

4Make 10 with 1
What number goes with 1 to make 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Ten is 1 and 9. Answer: 9, because 1 + 9 = 10.

5Make 10 with 2
What number goes with 2 to make 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Ten is 2 and 8. Answer: 8.

6Make 10 with 3
What number goes with 3 to make 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Ten is 3 and 7. Answer: 7.

7Make 10 with 4
What number goes with 4 to make 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Ten is 4 and 6. Answer: 6.

8Make 10 with 5
What number goes with 5 to make 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Five and five make ten. Answer: 5.

9Use a ten-frame
The blue counters show 6. How many orange counters are needed to fill the ten-frame?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

There are 4 empty spaces after the 6 blue counters. Answer: 4, so 6 + 4 = 10.

10Another ten-frame
Seven spaces are filled. How many more are needed to make 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

A ten-frame has 10 spaces. If 7 are filled, 3 more are needed. Answer: 3.

11Zero is a part too
What number goes with 10 to make 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

If one part is already 10, the other part is 0. Answer: 0.

12Find the missing addend
Complete: 6 + □ = 10.
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Ask which number joins 6 to make 10. 6 and 4 make 10. Answer: 4.

13Find another missing addend
Complete: 9 + □ = 10.
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Nine needs one more to make ten. Answer: 1.

14Complete the bond
The whole is 10. One part is 8. Complete the bond.
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Eight and two make ten. Answer: the missing part is 2.

15Read the whole and parts
In a number bond with whole 9 and parts 4 and 5, name the whole and both parts.
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

The top number is the whole: 9. The parts are 4 and 5. Answer: whole 9; parts 4 and 5.

16Choose the pair that makes 10
Which pair makes 10: 3 and 6, or 3 and 7?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

3 + 6 = 9, but 3 + 7 = 10. Answer: 3 and 7.

17Find a partner for 8
What is the make-10 partner of 8?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Eight needs two more to reach ten. Answer: 2.

18Find a partner for 0
What is the make-10 partner of 0?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Zero needs all 10 to make the whole 10. Answer: 10.

19Spot the mistake
A student says 6 and 3 make 10. Is that correct?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

No. 6 + 3 = 9. Six needs 4 more to make 10. Correct bond: 6 and 4 make 10.

20Two colors make one whole
A ten-frame has 2 blue counters and 8 orange counters. What whole do they make?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

All 10 spaces are filled. Answer: the whole is 10.

21Complete a smaller number bond
The whole is 6. One part is 1. What is the missing part?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

One and five make six. Answer: 5.

22Use what you know about 10
Complete: □ + 5 = 10.
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Five and five make ten. Answer: 5.

23Explain a number bond
Why can 7 and 3 be called parts of 10?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Because the two numbers join to make the whole: 7 + 3 = 10. Answer: together they make 10.

24List each pair once
List the make-10 pairs, counting each pair only once even if its parts can be reversed.
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

The pairs are 0 and 10, 1 and 9, 2 and 8, 3 and 7, 4 and 6, and 5 and 5. Answer: six different pairs when reversed pairs are counted only once.

25Challenge: missing part in context
A box holds 10 markers when full. It already has 6 markers. How many more markers are needed to fill the box?
✨ Show solution ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide solution

Think of 10 as the whole and 6 as one part. The missing part is 4. Answer: 4 markers.

๐ŸŽฎ Independent Practice — 30 Problems

  1. A number bond has parts 3 and 2. What is the whole?
  2. In a number bond with whole 7 and one part 4, what is the other part?
  3. Complete: 1 + □ = 10.
  4. Complete: 2 + □ = 10.
  5. Complete: 3 + □ = 10.
  6. Complete: 4 + □ = 10.
  7. Complete: 5 + □ = 10.
  8. Complete: 6 + □ = 10.
  9. Complete: 7 + □ = 10.
  10. Complete: 8 + □ = 10.
  11. Complete: 9 + □ = 10.
  12. Complete: 10 + □ = 10.
  13. What is the make-10 partner of 0?
  14. What is the make-10 partner of 6?
  15. What is the make-10 partner of 9?
  16. Which pair makes 10: 2 and 7, or 2 and 8?
  17. Which pair makes 10: 4 and 5, or 4 and 6?
  18. Which pair makes 10: 1 and 8, or 1 and 9?
  19. True or false: 7 and 3 make 10.
  20. True or false: 6 and 5 make 10.
  21. Fix the mistake: 8 + 1 = 10.
  22. The whole is 9. One part is 6. What is the missing part?
  23. The whole is 8. One part is 2. What is the missing part?
  24. The whole is 10. One part is 4. What is the missing part?
  25. The whole is 10. One part is 7. What is the missing part?
  26. A ten-frame has 8 counters. How many more counters are needed to fill it?
  27. A ten-frame has 3 counters. How many more counters are needed to fill it?
  28. Write one addition sentence that shows a way to make 10.
  29. How many different make-10 pairs are there if reversed pairs are counted only once?
  30. Challenge: A tray holds 10 cups. Six cups are on the tray. How many more cups are needed to fill it?

๐Ÿ† Lesson Test — 15 Questions

  1. A number bond has parts 2 and 4. What is the whole?
  2. The whole is 8. One part is 3. What is the missing part?
  3. A number bond has whole 10 and one part 1. What is the other part?
  4. A ten-frame shows 4 counters. How many empty spaces remain?
  5. Ten is made from 8 and what other part?
  6. What is the make-10 partner of 5?
  7. Which pair makes 10: 3 and 6, or 3 and 7?
  8. True or false: 2 and 8 make 10.
  9. Fix the mistake: 9 + 2 = 10.
  10. The whole is 10. One part is 6. What is the missing part?
  11. A ten-frame has 7 counters. How many more are needed to fill it?
  12. What is the whole in a number bond with parts 4 and 5?
  13. What are the two parts in the bond 10 = 2 + 8?
  14. Write an addition sentence, other than 2 + 8 = 10, that shows two parts making 10.
  15. Challenge: A carton holds 10 eggs. There are 3 eggs inside. How many more eggs are needed to fill the carton?

๐Ÿ” Complete Answer Key

๐Ÿ”‘ Show practice answer key ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide practice answer key

Practice Answers

1. 5
2. 3
3. 9
4. 8
5. 7
6. 6
7. 5
8. 4
9. 3
10. 2
11. 1
12. 0
13. 10
14. 4
15. 1
16. 2 and 8
17. 4 and 6
18. 1 and 9
19. True
20. False — 6 + 5 = 11.
21. 8 + 2 = 10.
22. 3
23. 6
24. 6
25. 3
26. 2
27. 7
28. Possible answer: 4 + 6 = 10.
29. 6
30. 4 cups
๐Ÿ… Show test answer key ๐Ÿ™ˆ Hide test answer key

Test Answers

1. 6
2. 5
3. 9
4. 6
5. 2
6. 5
7. 3 and 7
8. True
9. 9 + 1 = 10.
10. 4
11. 3
12. 9
13. 2 and 8
14. Possible answer: 6 + 4 = 10.
15. 7 eggs

๐Ÿ’ก Common Mistakes to Watch For

Mixing up the whole and a part
The whole is the total. The parts are the amounts that combine to make that whole; one part can even be 0.
Guessing the missing part
Use counters, a ten-frame, or an addition sentence to check.
Forgetting zero
0 and 10 are also parts that can make the whole 10.
Counting reversed pairs twice
1 and 9 use the same two parts as 9 and 1. When listing each pair only once, count those two parts as one pair.
For parents & teachers — Texas connection: TEKS 1.3(C) expects students to compose 10 with two or more addends, with and without concrete objects. This lesson directly develops two-addend compositions of 10 and provides groundwork for broader compositions. TEKS 1.3(D) then applies making 10 and decomposing numbers as basic fact strategies within 20, which is developed more fully in the next MathLattice strategy lessons.

๐Ÿ”— Related Lessons

Lesson 6 — Understanding Addition Within 10 Review what addition means before using part-whole relationships. Lesson 7 — Understanding Subtraction Within 10 Connect taking away with whole-and-part thinking.

๐Ÿ–จ️ Printable Companion

A free Number Bonds & Ways to Make 10 Practice Pack will be connected here as the MathLattice printable library grows. It will include number-bond diagrams, missing-part practice, ten-frames, make-10 pairs, mixed review, and an answer key.

← Lesson 7: Understanding Subtraction Within 10 Grade 1 Math Hub Next: Addition Strategies Within 20 →

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